各县健康排名显示过早死亡率下降
This year’s Rankings show that almost one out of four children in the U.S. lives in poverty. Child poverty rates are more than twice as high in the unhealthiest counties in each state than in the healthiest counties. The report also looks at distribution in income and the links between income levels and health.
“The County Health Rankings have helped galvanize communities across the nation to improve health,” said Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, MD, RWJF president and CEO. “Solutions and innovation are coming from places as diverse as rural Williamson, West Virginia in the heart of Appalachia to urban New Orleans; they are engaging business, public health, education, parents, and young people to build a Culture of Health.”
Beyond poverty and income inequality, the 2015 County Health Rankings Key Findings Report highlights two other key social and economic factors that drive health: violent crime and employment. These findings show that:
- Violent Crime Rates are Highest in the South: Violent crime rates, which affect health, well-being, and stress levels, are highest in the Southwest, Southeast, and Mississippi Delta regions.
- Having a Job Influences Health: Unemployment rates are 1.5 times higher in the least healthy counties in each state as they are in the healthiest counties. During the recession, counties in the West, Southeast, and rust belt region of the U.S. were hit hardest by growing unemployment. Many, but not all, of these counties have seen their unemployment rates drop since the recession ended in 2010.
This year’s Rankings data also shines a light on the characteristics of healthy and unhealthy counties. The healthiest counties in each state have higher college attendance, fewer preventable hospital stays, and better access to parks and gyms. The least healthy counties in each state have more smokers, more teen births, and more alcohol related car crashes.
“In the six years since the County Health Rankings began, we’ve seen them serve as a rallying point for change. Communities are using the Rankings to inform their priorities as they work to build a Culture of Health,” said Bridget Catlin, PhD, MHSA, co-director of the County Health Rankings.
The County Health Rankings & Roadmaps program offers data, tools, and resources to help communities throughout their journey to build a Culture of Health. Also part of the program is the RWJF Culture of Health Prize which honors communities that are working together to build a healthier, more vibrant community.
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普林斯顿,新泽西州和麦迪逊,威斯康星州2015年。县卫生排名今天公布的数据显示,过早死亡人数正在下降,全国60%的县出现了下降。例如,根据2004-2006年和2010-2012年的数据,哥伦比亚特区的过早死亡率下降了近三分之一。这是全国人口在6.5万以上的县降幅最大的一次。但对许多县来说,这些比率并没有改善——40%的县在减少过早死亡方面没有取得进展。
丰富的地方数据资源排名是一个简单易用的快照,比较了全国几乎每个县的健康状况。罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会(RWJF)和威斯康辛大学人口健康研究所的一项合作排名允许每个州查看其县在影响健康的30个因素上的比较情况,包括教育、交通、住房、暴力犯罪、工作、饮食和锻炼。的排名可于www.countyhealthrankings.org.
今年的排名数据显示,美国近四分之一的儿童生活在贫困中。每个州最不健康县的儿童贫困率是最健康县的两倍多。该报告还研究了收入分配以及收入水平与健康之间的联系。
“县卫生排名帮助激励了全国各地的社区改善健康,”RWJF总裁兼首席执行官Risa Lavizzo-Mourey医学博士说。“解决方案和创新来自不同的地方,从阿巴拉契亚山脉中心的西弗吉尼亚州威廉姆森农村到新奥尔良城市;他们正在与企业、公共卫生、教育、家长和年轻人合作,建立一种健康文化。”
除了贫困和收入不平等,2015县卫生排名主要调查结果报告强调推动健康的另外两个关键社会和经济因素:暴力犯罪和就业。这些发现表明:
- 暴力犯罪率在南方最高:影响健康、幸福和压力水平的暴力犯罪率在西南部、东南部和密西西比三角洲地区最高。
- 工作影响健康:每个州最不健康的县的失业率是最健康县的1.5倍。在经济衰退期间,美国西部、东南部和锈带地区的县受到失业率上升的打击最为严重。自2010年经济衰退结束以来,这些县中的许多县(但不是全部)的失业率都有所下降。
今年的排名数据还揭示了健康县和不健康县的特点。每个州最健康的县有更高的大学入学率,更少的可预防的住院时间,以及更好的公园和健身房。每个州最不健康的县有更多的吸烟者,更多的青少年生育,更多的与酒精有关的车祸。
“六年来,自从县的卫生排名从一开始,我们就看到他们成为了变革的集结点。社区正在使用排名以告知他们在努力建立健康文化时的优先事项,”MHSA联合主任布里奇特·卡特林博士说县卫生排名。
的县卫生排名和路线图项目提供数据、工具和资源,帮助社区在整个过程中建立健康文化。这个项目的另一部分是RWJF健康文化奖表彰那些共同努力建设一个更健康、更有活力的社区的社区。
关于罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会
40多年来,罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会一直致力于改善健康和医疗保健。我们正在努力建设一种全国卫生文化,使所有人现在和后代都能活得更长、更健康。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.ottomotal.com.在Twitter上关注基金会www.ottomotal.com/twitter或者在Facebook上www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
关于威斯康星大学人口健康研究所
威斯康星大学人口健康研究所通过制定和评估干预措施以及在地方、州和国家各级推广基于证据的政策和实践方法,促进所有人的健康和福祉。该研究所的工作涉及促进健康的各种因素。该研究所是威斯康星-麦迪逊大学内外卫生和保健对话的协调中心,也是利益攸关方的召集人,促进学术界人士与政策和实践领域人士之间的专门知识交流。研究所领导的工作县卫生排名和路线图并管理RWJF健康文化奖.欲了解更多信息,请访问http://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu.