县健康排名显示农村和城市县之间过早死亡率的明显差异
Rural counties have higher rates of smoking, obesity, child poverty and teen births, and higher numbers of uninsured adults than their urban counterparts. Large urban counties have lower smoking and obesity rates, fewer injury deaths and more residents who attended some college.
The County Health Rankings, a collaboration between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute (UWPHI), compare counties within each state on more than 30 factors that impact health, including such social determinants as education, jobs, housing, exercise, commuting times and more. Over the past seven years the Rankings, available at www.countyhealthrankings.org, have become an important tool for local communities working to build a Culture of Health.
"The County Health Rankings show how important it is to examine all the conditions that impact well-being and can help families thrive,” said Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, MD, RWJF president and CEO. “Communities around the nation are using the County Health Rankings to drive improvements in education, housing, job training, healthy food options and more, as they work to build a Culture of Health."
The 2016 Rankings Key Findings Report includes several new health-related measures: residential segregation, drug overdose deaths and insufficient sleep.
- Residential segregation between African-Americans and whites, a fundamental cause of health disparities, is highest in counties in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions and lowest along the Southeastern seaboard. In areas where African-American and white residential segregation is highest there are typically vast differences in health, well-being, opportunity and quality of life.
- Drug overdose deaths have increased 79 percent nationwide since 2002 and are reaching epidemic proportions in parts of the U.S. The highest death rates are in counties in northern Appalachia and parts of the West and Southwest.
- 1 out of 3 adults don’t get enough sleep—less than 7 hours a night—with implications for health and productivity. Lack of sleep is tied to higher levels of stress and depression, hypertension, heart and kidney disease, motor vehicle accidents and suicide. The highest rates of insufficient sleep are found in counties in the Southeastern U.S., while the lowest rates are in the Plains states.
This year’s Rankings data also takes a closer look at health gaps in each state, comparing how the top performing counties stack up against the bottom performing counties on key measures. Enormous differences in health outcomes can exist within a state.
The Rankings data are only as valuable as the action it inspires and the lives it improves,” said Bridget Catlin, PhD, MHSA, co-director of the County Health Rankings. “Whether it’s addressing health gaps between counties or the concentration of poverty in rural and residentially segregated communities of color—targeting resources to the people and places in greatest need is essential to building a Culture of Health. The Rankings are an important springboard for conversations on how to expand opportunity for all to be healthy.
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps tools, which includes a database of evidence-informed approaches, personalized coaching, and a range of other resources, can assist communities in their efforts to improve health. Visit www.countyhealthrankings.org to learn more.
About the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
For more than 40 years the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve health and health care. We are working with others to build a national Culture of Health enabling everyone in America to live longer, healthier lives. For more information, visit www.ottomotal.com. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.ottomotal.com/twitter or on Facebook at www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
About the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
The University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute advances health and well-being for all by developing and evaluating interventions and promoting evidence-based approaches to policy and practice at the local, state, and national levels. The Institute works across the full spectrum of factors that contribute to health. A focal point for health and health care dialogue within the University of Wisconsin-Madison and beyond, and a convener of stakeholders, the Institute promotes an exchange of expertise between those in academia and those in the policy and practice arena. The Institute leads the work on the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps and manages the RWJF Culture of Health Prize. For more information, visit http://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu.
" data-isabstract="false" class="cmp-text">普林斯顿,新泽西州和麦迪逊,威斯康星州2016年。县卫生排名今天发布的一份报告比较了全国几乎每个县在一系列广泛措施上的健康差异。报告显示,农村县和城市县在一些指标上存在巨大差异,最明显的是过早死亡率。农村县不仅过早死亡率较高,而且在过去十年中,近五分之一的农村县的过早死亡率有所上升,而大多数大城市县的情况持续改善。
农村地区的吸烟率、肥胖率、儿童贫困率和青少年生育率都高于城市地区,而且没有保险的成年人数量也高于城市地区。大城市县的吸烟率和肥胖率较低,受伤死亡率较低,居民上过大学的人数较多。
的县卫生排名是罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会(RWJF)和威斯康星大学人口健康研究所(UWPHI)的合作项目,该研究比较了每个州的各县影响健康的30多个因素,包括教育、工作、住房、锻炼、通勤时间等社会决定因素。在过去的七年里排名,可以在www.countyhealthrankings.org,已成为地方社区努力建设健康文化的重要工具。
“县卫生排名RWJF总裁兼首席执行官、医学博士Risa Lavizzo-Mourey说:“这表明了检查所有影响幸福和可以帮助家庭繁荣的条件是多么重要。“全国各地的社区都在使用县卫生排名以推动教育、住房、职业培训、健康食品选择等方面的改善,同时努力建设健康文化。”
的2016排名主要调查结果报告包括一些新的健康相关措施:居住隔离、药物过量死亡和睡眠不足。
- 非裔美国人和白人之间的居住隔离是健康差异的根本原因,在东北部和五大湖地区的县最高,在东南沿海地区最低。在非裔美国人和白人居住隔离最严重的地区,通常在健康、福祉、机会和生活质量方面存在巨大差异。
- 自2002年以来,全美药物过量死亡人数增加了79%,在美国部分地区已达到流行病的程度死亡率最高的是阿巴拉契亚北部的县以及西部和西南部的部分地区。
- 三分之一的成年人睡眠不足——每晚少于7小时——这对健康和工作效率都有影响。睡眠不足与高水平的压力和抑郁、高血压、心脏病和肾病、机动车事故和自杀有关。睡眠不足率最高的是美国东南部的县,而最低的是平原各州。
今年的排名数据还更详细地考察了各州的健康差距,比较了表现最好的县与表现最差的县在关键指标上的差距。在一个州内,健康结果可能存在巨大差异。
的排名“数据的价值取决于它所激发的行动和它所改善的生活,”MHSA的联合主任布里奇特·卡特林博士说县卫生排名。“无论是解决县与县之间的健康差距问题,还是解决贫困集中在农村和种族隔离社区的问题,将资源集中到最需要的人和地方,都是建设健康文化的关键。”的排名是讨论如何扩大人人享有健康机会的重要跳板。
县卫生排名和路线图包括循证方法数据库、个性化指导和一系列其他资源在内的工具可以帮助社区努力改善健康。访问www.countyhealthrankings.org了解更多。
关于罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会
40多年来,罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会一直致力于改善健康和医疗保健。我们正在与其他国家合作,建立一种全国性的健康文化,使每个美国人都能活得更长、更健康。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.ottomotal.com.在Twitter上关注基金会www.ottomotal.com/twitter或者在Facebook上www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
关于威斯康星大学人口健康研究所
威斯康星大学人口健康研究所通过制定和评估干预措施以及在地方、州和国家各级推广基于证据的政策和实践方法,促进所有人的健康和福祉。该研究所的工作涉及促进健康的各种因素。该研究所是威斯康星-麦迪逊大学内外卫生和保健对话的协调中心,也是利益攸关方的召集人,促进学术界人士与政策制定者之间的专门知识交流在竞技场上练习。研究所领导的工作县卫生排名和路线图并管理RWJF健康文化奖。欲了解更多信息,请访问http://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu.