新报告发现四个州的成人肥胖率下降
Despite these modest gains, obesity continued to put millions of Americans at increased risk for a range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, and costs the country between $147 billion and $210 billion each year.
In 2015, Louisiana has the highest adult obesity rate at 36.2 percent and Colorado has the lowest at 20.2 percent. While rates remained steady for most states, they are still high across the board. The 13th annual report found that rates of obesity now exceed 35 percent in four states, are at or above 30 percent in 25 states and are above 20 percent in all states. In 1991, no state had a rate above 20 percent. The analyses are based on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
The State of Obesity also found that:
- 9 of the 11 states with the highest obesity rates are in the South and 22 of the 25 states with the highest rates of obesity are in the South and Midwest.
- 10 of the 12 states with the highest rates of diabetes are in the South.
- American Indian/Alaska Natives have an adult obesity rate of 42.3 percent.
- Adult obesity rates are at or above 40 percent for Blacks in 14 states.
- Adult obesity rates are at or above 30 percent in: 40 states and Washington, D.C. for Blacks; 29 states for Latinos; and 16 states for Whites.
There is some evidence that the rate of increase has been slowing over the past decade. For instance, in 2005, 49 states experienced an increase; in 2008, 37 states did; in 2010, 28 states did; in 2011, 16 states did; in 2012, only one state did; and in 2014, only two states did. (Note: the methodology for BRFSS changed in 2011).
In addition, recent national data show that childhood obesity rates have stabilized at 17 percent over the past decade. Rates are declining among 2- to 5-year-olds, stable among 6- to 11-year-olds, and increasing among 12- to 19-year-olds. There are significant racial and ethnic inequities, with rates higher among Latino (21.9%) and Black (19.5%) children than among White (14.7%) children.
“Obesity remains one of the most significant epidemics our country has faced, contributing to millions of preventable illnesses and billions of dollars in avoidable health care costs,” said Richard Hamburg, interim president and CEO, TFAH. “These new data suggest that we are making some progress but there’s more yet to do. Across the country, we need to fully adopt the high-impact strategies recommended by numerous experts. Improving nutrition and increasing activity in early childhood, making healthy choices easier in people’s daily lives and targeting the startling inequities are all key approaches we need to ramp up.”
Some other findings from the report include:
- The number of high school students who drink one or more sodas a day has dropped by nearly 40 percent since 2007, to around one in five (20.4%). (Note: This does not include sport/energy drinks, diet sodas or water with added sugars).
- The number of high school students who report playing video or computer games three or more hours a day has increased more than 88 percent since 2003 (from 22.1% to 41.7%).
- More than 29 million children live in “food deserts,” and more than 15 million children live in “food-insecure” households with not enough to eat and limited access to healthy food.
- The federal government has provided more than $90 million via 44 Healthy Food Financing Initiative awards in 29 states since 2011, helping leverage more than $1 billion and create 2,500 jobs.
- Farm-to-School programs now serve more than 42 percent of schools and 23.6 million children.
- 8 states and Washington, D.C. require a minimum amount of time that elementary students must participate in physical education; 14 states and Washington, D.C. require a minimum amount for middle schoolers; and six states require a minimum amount for high schoolers.
The report also includes a set of priority policy recommendations to accelerate progress in addressing obesity:
- Invest in Obesity Prevention: Providing adequate funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund and for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion/Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity would increase support to state and local health departments.
- Focus on Early Childhood Policies and Programs: Supporting better health among young children through healthier meals, physical activity, limiting screen time and connecting families to community services through Head Start; prioritizing early childhood education opportunities under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA); and implementing the updated nutrition standards covering the Child and Adult Care Food Program.
- School-Based Policies and Programs: Continuing implementation of the final “Smart Snacks” rule for improved nutrition for snacks and beverages sold in schools; eliminating in-school marketing of foods that do not meet Smart Snacks nutrition standards; and leveraging opportunities to support health, physical education and activity under ESSA.
- Community-Based Policies and Programs: Prioritizing health in transportation planning to help communities ensure residents have access to walking, biking, and other forms of active transportation and promoting innovative strategies, such as tax credits, zoning incentives, grants, low-interest loans and public-private partnerships to increase access to healthy, affordable foods.
- Health, Health Care and Obesity: Covering the full range of obesity prevention, treatment and management services under all public and private health plans, including nutrition counseling, medications and behavioral health consultation, along with encouraging an uptake in services for all eligible beneficiaries.
“This year’s State of Obesity report is an urgent call to action for government, industry, health care, schools, child care and families around the country to join in the effort to provide a brighter, healthier future for our children. It focuses on important lessons and signs of progress, but those efforts must be significantly scaled to see a bigger turn around,” said Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, president and CEO of RWJF. “Together, we can build an inclusive Culture of Health and ensure that all children and families live healthier lives.”
The State of Obesity report (formerly known as F as in Fat), with state rankings and interactive maps, charts and graphs, is available at http://stateofobesity.org. Follow the conversation at #StateofObesity.
2015 STATE-BY-STATE ADULT OBESITY RATES
Based on an analysis of new state-by-state data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, adult obesity rates by state from highest to lowest were:
Note: 1 = Highest rate of adult obesity, 51 = lowest rate of adult obesity.
1. Louisiana (36.2); 2. (tie) Alabama (35.6), Mississippi (35.6) and West Virginia (35.6); 5. Kentucky (34.6); 6. Arkansas (34.5); 7. Kansas (34.2); 8. Oklahoma (33.9); 9. Tennessee (33.8); 10. (tie) Missouri (32.4) and Texas (32.4); 12. Iowa (32.1); 13. South Carolina (31.7); 14. Nebraska (31.4); 15. Indiana (31.3); 16. Michigan (31.2); 17. North Dakota (31.0); 18. Illinois (30.8); 19. (tie) Georgia (30.7) and Wisconsin (30.7); 21. South Dakota (30.4); 22. (tie) North Carolina (30.1) and Oregon (30.1); 24. (tie) Maine (30.0) and Pennsylvania (30.0); 26. (tie) Alaska (29.8) and Ohio (29.8); 28. Delaware (29.7); 29. Virginia (29.2); 30. Wyoming (29.0); 31. Maryland (28.9); 32. New Mexico (28.8); 33. Idaho (28.6); 34. Arizona (28.4); 35. Florida (26.8); 36. Nevada (26.7); 37. Washington (26.4); 38. New Hampshire (26.3); 39. Minnesota (26.1); 40. Rhode Island (26.0); 41. New Jersey (25.6); 42. Connecticut (25.3); 43. Vermont (25.1); 44. New York (25.0); 45. Utah (24.5); 46. Massachusetts (24.3); 47. California (24.2); 48. Montana (23.6); 49. Hawaii (22.7); 50. District of Columbia (22.1); 51. Colorado (20.2).
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华盛顿特区。美国。2014年至2015年间,成人肥胖率在四个州(明尼苏达州、蒙大拿州、纽约州和俄亥俄州)下降,在两个州(堪萨斯州和肯塔基州)上升,其余州保持稳定《肥胖状况:为更健康的美国制定更好的政策》这是美国健康信托基金会(TFAH)和罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会(RWJF)的一份报告。除了2010年华盛顿特区的下降,这是过去十年来第一次出现任何州的下降。
尽管取得了这些温和的进展,但肥胖继续使数百万美国人面临一系列慢性疾病的风险增加,如糖尿病和心脏病,每年给国家造成1470亿至2100亿美元的损失。
2015年,路易斯安那州的成人肥胖率最高,为36.2%,科罗拉多州最低,为20.2%。虽然大多数州的失业率保持稳定,但总体而言仍然很高。第13次年度报告发现,肥胖率目前在四个州超过35%,在25个州达到或超过30%,在所有州都超过20%。1991年,没有一个州的失业率超过20%。这些分析是基于美国疾病控制和预防中心的行为风险因素监测系统(BRFSS)。
的肥胖状况还发现:
- 11个肥胖率最高的州中有9个在南部,25个肥胖率最高的州中有22个在南部和中西部。
- 糖尿病发病率最高的12个州中有10个在南方。
- 美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的成人肥胖率为42.3%。
- 在14个州,黑人的成人肥胖率达到或超过40%。
- 40个州和华盛顿特区的黑人成年人肥胖率达到或超过30%;29个州是拉丁裔;16个州支持白人。
有一些证据表明,在过去的十年中,增长的速度一直在放缓。例如,2005年,49个州出现了增长;2008年,37个州这样做了;2010年,28个州这样做了;2011年,有16个州这样做了;2012年,只有一个州这样做了;2014年,只有两个州这样做了。(注:2011年BRFSS的方法发生了变化)。
此外,最近的国家数据显示,儿童肥胖率在过去十年中稳定在17%。2至5岁儿童的发病率在下降,6至11岁儿童的发病率稳定,12至19岁儿童的发病率在上升。存在明显的种族和民族不平等,拉丁裔儿童(21.9%)和黑人儿童(19.5%)的比例高于白人儿童(14.7%)。
TFAH临时总裁兼首席执行官Richard Hamburg说:“肥胖仍然是我们国家面临的最严重的流行病之一,导致数百万可预防的疾病和数十亿美元的可避免的医疗费用。”“这些新数据表明,我们正在取得一些进展,但还有更多的工作要做。在全国范围内,我们需要充分采用众多专家建议的高影响力战略。改善儿童早期营养和增加活动,使人们在日常生活中更容易做出健康的选择,并针对惊人的不平等现象,这些都是我们需要加强的关键方法。”
该报告的其他发现包括:
- 自2007年以来,每天喝一杯或更多苏打水的高中生数量下降了近40%,约为五分之一(20.4%)。(注:这并不包括运动/能量饮料,无糖苏打水或添加糖的水)。
- 自2003年以来,每天玩视频或电脑游戏超过3小时的高中生人数增加了88%以上(从22.1%增加到41.7%)。
- 2900多万儿童生活在“食物沙漠”中,1500多万儿童生活在“粮食不安全”的家庭,他们吃不饱,获得健康食品的机会有限。
- 自2011年以来,联邦政府通过44个健康食品融资倡议奖在29个州提供了9000多万美元,帮助撬动了10多亿美元,创造了2500个就业岗位。
- 农场到学校项目现在为超过42%的学校和2360万儿童提供服务。
- 8个州和华盛顿特区规定了小学生必须参加体育教育的最低时间;14个州和华盛顿特区对中学生规定了最低摄入量;6个州对高中生规定了最低摄入量。
该报告还包括一套优先政策建议,以加速解决肥胖问题的进展:
- 投资预防肥胖:为预防和公共卫生基金以及疾病控制和预防中心的国家慢性疾病预防和健康促进中心/营养、体育活动和肥胖司提供足够的资金,将增加对州和地方卫生部门的支持。
- 关注幼儿政策和项目:通过更健康的膳食、身体活动、限制屏幕时间,以及通过“领先计划”将家庭与社区服务联系起来,支持幼儿改善健康;根据《每个学生成功法案》(ESSA)优先考虑儿童早期教育机会;实施涵盖儿童和成人护理食品计划的最新营养标准。
- 校本政策和项目:继续实施最终的“智能零食”规则,以改善学校销售的零食和饮料的营养;杜绝不符合智能零食营养标准的在校食品营销;并利用机会在ESSA下支持健康、体育教育和活动。
- 以社区为基础的政策和方案:在交通规划中优先考虑健康问题,帮助社区确保居民能够使用步行、骑自行车和其他形式的主动交通工具,并促进创新战略,如税收抵免、分区激励、赠款、低息贷款和公私伙伴关系,以增加获得健康、负担得起的食物的机会。
- 健康、保健和肥胖:在所有公共和私人保健计划下提供全面的肥胖预防、治疗和管理服务,包括营养咨询、药物治疗和行为健康咨询,同时鼓励所有符合条件的受益人接受服务。
“今年的肥胖状况报告是一个紧急行动呼吁政府,行业,医疗保健,学校,儿童保育和全国各地的家庭加入努力,为我们的孩子提供一个更光明,更健康的未来。RWJF总裁兼首席执行官Risa Lavizzo-Mourey说:“它侧重于重要的经验教训和进展迹象,但这些努力必须大幅扩大,才能看到更大的转机。”“我们可以共同建设包容的卫生文化,确保所有儿童和家庭都能过上更健康的生活。”
肥胖的现状报告(以前称为F代表脂肪),载有各州排名及互动式地图、图表及图表,可于http://stateofobesity.org.关注#肥胖状态#的对话。
2015年各州成人肥胖率
根据疾病控制和预防中心行为风险因素监测调查中各州新数据的分析,各州成人肥胖率从高到低依次为:
注:1 =成人肥胖率最高,51 =成人肥胖率最低。
1.路易斯安那州(36.2);2.(并列)阿拉巴马州(35.6)、密西西比州(35.6)和西弗吉尼亚州(35.6);5.肯塔基州(34.6);6.阿肯色州(34.5);7.堪萨斯州(34.2); 8. Oklahoma (33.9); 9. Tennessee (33.8); 10. (tie) Missouri (32.4) and Texas (32.4); 12. Iowa (32.1); 13. South Carolina (31.7); 14. Nebraska (31.4); 15. Indiana (31.3); 16. Michigan (31.2); 17. North Dakota (31.0); 18. Illinois (30.8); 19. (tie) Georgia (30.7) and Wisconsin (30.7); 21. South Dakota (30.4); 22. (tie) North Carolina (30.1) and Oregon (30.1); 24. (tie) Maine (30.0) and Pennsylvania (30.0); 26. (tie) Alaska (29.8) and Ohio (29.8); 28. Delaware (29.7); 29. Virginia (29.2); 30. Wyoming (29.0); 31. Maryland (28.9); 32. New Mexico (28.8); 33. Idaho (28.6); 34. Arizona (28.4); 35. Florida (26.8); 36. Nevada (26.7); 37. Washington (26.4); 38. New Hampshire (26.3); 39. Minnesota (26.1); 40. Rhode Island (26.0); 41. New Jersey (25.6); 42. Connecticut (25.3); 43. Vermont (25.1); 44. New York (25.0); 45. Utah (24.5); 46. Massachusetts (24.3); 47. California (24.2); 48. Montana (23.6); 49. Hawaii (22.7); 50. District of Columbia (22.1); 51. Colorado (20.2).
About the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
For more than 40 years the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve health and health care. We are working with others to build a national Culture of Health enabling everyone in America to live longer, healthier lives. For more information, visit www.ottomotal.com. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.ottomotal.com/twitter or on Facebook at www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
" data-isabstract="false" class="cmp-text">关于信任促进美国健康
美国健康信托是一个非营利性、无党派组织,致力于通过保护每个社区的健康来拯救生命,并努力使疾病预防成为国家的优先事项。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.healthyamericans.org.
关于罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会
40多年来,罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会一直致力于改善健康和医疗保健。我们正在与其他国家合作,建立一种全国性的健康文化,使每个美国人都能活得更长、更健康。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.ottomotal.com.在Twitter上关注基金会www.ottomotal.com/twitter或者在Facebook上www.ottomotal.com/facebook.