国家科学院海湾研究计划和RWJF拨款1080万美元,用于建设健康、有弹性的沿海社区
Community and Family Resilience, Strength, and Well-being: Socio-cultural Influences on Cambodian and Laotian Refugee Communities' Responses to Environmental Challenges – $3,076,000
Project Director: Denise Lewis (University of Georgia)
Project Team Affiliations: University of Georgia in cooperation with Cambodian Association of Mobile and Lao Association of Mobile
Refugee and immigrant communities’ histories and cultural differences present unique vulnerabilities and challenges for achieving community resilience in response to environmental stressors and disasters. This project will engage with Cambodian and Laotian families in coastal Alabama to determine how individual, family, and community-level strengths and vulnerabilities contribute to community health and well-being and how individuals utilize social networks and formal services to respond to stressors. Culturally responsive interventions and strategies for increasing community capacity and resilience will be developed.
Community Resilience Learning Collaborative and Research Network – $2,522,000
Project Director: Benjamin Springgate (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—New Orleans)
Project Team Affiliations: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—New Orleans in cooperation with Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program; Center for Sustainable Engagement and Development; Community and Patient Partnered Research Network; Greater New Orleans Inc.; Healthy African Families II; Louisiana Community Health Outreach Network; Louisiana Department of Health; Resilient Baton Rouge; St. Anna’s Episcopal Church; Tulane University; University of California–Los Angeles; and University of Southern California
The project aims to improve resilience and mental health outcomes in six communities in southern Louisiana that are vulnerable to poor health outcomes and the impacts of disasters. By establishing a community-partnered learning collaborative and research network, this project will build capacity to test and promote practices that can strengthen resilience. The project team will directly engage with communities within Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and coastal southern Louisiana, although the efforts and lessons are likely scalable to other Gulf States and beyond.
Housing Resilience in Greater New Orleans—$2,266,000
Project Director: Carlos Martin (Urban Institute)
Project Team Affiliations: Urban Institute in cooperation with Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Center; Texas A&M University; and University of California—Berkeley
Though homes provide a first line of defense for individuals against environmental stressors and disasters, little is understood about how housing shapes community resilience. This project plans to examine housing policy and practices that affect household vulnerability to disasters along with the quality and accessibility of related tools and resources households can use to reduce those vulnerabilities. The project will develop strategies for equitable housing programs, policies, and practices that can strengthen the resilience of whole communities. The focus will be on populations most vulnerable to the effects of climate change in the greater New Orleans area, but the information and tools developed are intended to help build household resilience throughout the Gulf region.
Inland from the Coast: A Multi-Scalar Approach to Regional Climate Change Responses – $2,936,000
Project Director: Jeff Carney (Louisiana State University Coastal Sustainability Studio)
Project Team Affiliations: Louisiana State University—Baton Rouge in cooperation with Louisiana Sea Grant and University of New Orleans
Risks from sea-level rise, land subsidence, and extreme weather are not limited to coastal areas but threaten entire inland-coastal regions. This project takes a multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary approach to river flood modeling, health and well-being research, and applied community design to improve flood recovery and long-term resilience across the greater Baton Rouge inland-coastal region. The team links university researchers with professional architects, engineers, landscape architects, planners, policymakers, and community members to improve understanding of inland-coastal environmental conditions and vulnerabilities, determine indicators of community health and well-being, and develop design and planning best practices for reducing risk and increasing adaptive capacity. While the project is focused on helping the greater Baton Rouge region emerge more resilient from the devastating 2016 floods, the resulting framework will be applicable to inland-coastal regions across the Gulf Coast and beyond.
The GRP and RWJF jointly developed and funded this opportunity, with GRP contributing $5.8 million and RWJF contributing $5 million. GRP will administer the awards. For more information, visit www.nas.edu/gulf/grants.
About the Gulf Research Program
The Gulf Research Program, a program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, was established in 2013 as a result of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and seeks to improve understanding of the interconnecting human, environmental, and energy systems of the Gulf of Mexico and other U.S. outer continental shelf areas. The program funds grants, fellowships, and other activities using three broad approaches: research and development, education and training, and environmental monitoring. For more information, visit www.nas.edu/gulf.
About the National Academies
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions related to science, technology, and medicine. The Academies operate under an 1863 congressional charter to the National Academy of Sciences, signed by President Lincoln. For more information, visit www.national-academies.org.
" data-isabstract="false" class="cmp-text">新泽西州普林斯顿大学美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院的海湾研究计划(GRP)和罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会(RWJF)今天宣布,将向路易斯安那州和阿拉巴马州的四个新项目提供总额为1080万美元的资助。所有四个项目都旨在加强墨西哥湾地区沿海社区的复原力科学和实践。这些项目将增进对影响复原力的社区属性的了解,并制定社区可用于加强复原力的工具和战略。
墨西哥湾沿岸社区经常受到各种独特的环境压力的挑战,这些压力来自气候变化以及自然和人为灾害。近年来,这类事件包括干旱、飓风、沿海地区下沉以及海啸深水地平线漏油事件。虽然不良事件对任何社区都是一个重大挑战,但社区有效应对和恢复的程度可能有很大差异。
GRP战略倡议主任LeighAnne Olsen说:“在与罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会创造这个机会的过程中,我们试图将研究人员、实践者和社区成员聚集在一起,共同研究一个研究较少的社区复原力领域:各种健康、社会、文化和经济因素如何相互作用,影响社区抵御不利环境挑战的能力。”“目标是确定和发展社区可以做的实际事情,以提高他们应对未来挑战的能力。”
RWJF负责研究-评估-学习的副总裁布莱恩·奎因(Brian Quinn)说:“我们正在与海湾地区不同的社区合作,以更好地了解他们应对、承受和从急性和慢性逆境中恢复的能力。”“对于我们中的太多人来说,我们的健康前景受到我们生活的地方的限制。无论是对环境灾害的脆弱性还是长期贫困,我们知道,影响复原力的各种因素的汇合与卫生公平密切相关。最终,我们希望揭示是什么在我们的社区中培养韧性,这对建立健康文化至关重要。当我们都有公平的机会过上最健康的生活时,我们都会受益。”
这四个项目是在外部同行评审过程后选出的。这些奖项是海湾研究计划投资组合的一部分http://www.national-academies.org/gulf/grants。得奖项目(按项目名称的英文字母次序排列)包括:
社区和家庭的韧性、力量和福祉:社会文化对柬埔寨和老挝难民社区应对环境挑战的影响- 3,076,000美元
项目总监:丹尼斯·刘易斯(佐治亚大学)
项目团队成员:格鲁吉亚大学与柬埔寨流动协会和老挝流动协会合作
难民和移民社区的历史和文化差异为实现社区应对环境压力和灾害的复原力提供了独特的脆弱性和挑战。该项目将与阿拉巴马州沿海地区的柬埔寨和老挝家庭合作,以确定个人、家庭和社区层面的优势和弱点如何有助于社区健康和福祉,以及个人如何利用社会网络和正式服务来应对压力源。将制定符合文化的干预措施和战略,以提高社区的能力和复原力。
社区弹性学习合作和研究网络- 2,522,000美元
项目总监:本杰明·斯普林盖特(路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心-新奥尔良)
项目团队成员:路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心-新奥尔良与Barataria-Terrebonne国家河口计划合作;可持续参与与发展中心;社区和患者合作研究网络;大新奥尔良公司;非洲健康家庭II;路易斯安那州社区卫生外展网络;路易斯安那州卫生部;弹性巴吞鲁日;圣安娜圣公会教堂;杜兰大学; University of California–Los Angeles; and University of Southern California
该项目旨在改善路易斯安那州南部六个社区的复原力和心理健康状况,这些社区容易受到不良健康状况和灾害影响的影响。通过建立一个社区合作的学习、合作和研究网络,该项目将建立测试和促进可增强复原力的做法的能力。项目团队将直接与巴吞鲁日、新奥尔良和路易斯安那州南部沿海地区的社区接触,尽管这些努力和经验教训可能会扩展到其他海湾国家和其他地区。
大新奥尔良地区的住房弹性- 2,266,000美元
项目总监:卡洛斯·马丁(城市研究所)
项目团队成员:城市研究所与大新奥尔良公平住房中心合作;德州农工大学;以及加州大学伯克利分校
尽管住房为个人抵御环境压力和灾害提供了第一道防线,但人们对住房如何塑造社区恢复力知之甚少。该项目计划审查影响家庭易受灾害影响的住房政策和做法,以及家庭可用于减少这些脆弱性的相关工具和资源的质量和可及性。该项目将为公平住房规划、政策和实践制定战略,以增强整个社区的抵御能力。重点将放在新奥尔良地区最容易受到气候变化影响的人群身上,但开发的信息和工具旨在帮助整个海湾地区建立家庭的抵御能力。
内陆沿海:区域气候变化响应的多标量方法- $2,936,000
项目总监:Jeff Carney(路易斯安那州立大学海岸可持续发展工作室)
项目团队成员:路易斯安那州立大学巴吞鲁日分校与路易斯安那海洋基金和新奥尔良大学合作
海平面上升、地面下沉和极端天气带来的风险不仅限于沿海地区,而且威胁到整个内陆沿海地区。该项目采用多尺度、多学科的方法进行河流洪水建模、健康和福祉研究,并应用社区设计来改善整个巴吞鲁日内陆沿海地区的洪水恢复和长期恢复能力。该团队将大学研究人员与专业建筑师、工程师、景观设计师、规划师、政策制定者和社区成员联系起来,以提高对内陆沿海环境条件和脆弱性的理解,确定社区健康和福祉的指标,并制定设计和规划最佳实践,以减少风险和提高适应能力。虽然该项目的重点是帮助巴吞鲁日大地区从2016年毁灭性的洪水中恢复过来,但最终的框架将适用于墨西哥湾沿岸及其他内陆沿海地区。
GRP和RWJF共同开发并资助了这一机会,GRP提供了580万美元,RWJF提供了500万美元。GRP将管理奖项。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.nas.edu/gulf/grants。
关于海湾研究计划
墨西哥湾研究项目是美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院的一个项目,于2013年深水地平线漏油事件发生后成立,旨在提高对墨西哥湾和其他美国外大陆架地区人类、环境和能源系统相互联系的理解。该项目通过研究与开发、教育与培训以及环境监测三种方式资助赠款、奖学金和其他活动。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.nas.edu/gulf。
关于美国国家科学院
美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院是私人的非营利性机构,为国家提供独立、客观的分析和建议,以解决与科学、技术和医学相关的复杂问题,并为公共政策决策提供信息。1863年,林肯总统签署了国会对国家科学院的特许状。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.national-academies.org。
For more than 40 years the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve health and health care. We are working with others to build a national Culture of Health enabling everyone in America to live longer, healthier lives. For more information, visit www.ottomotal.com. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.ottomotal.com/twitter or on Facebook at www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
" data-isabstract="false" class="cmp-text">关于罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会
40多年来,罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会一直致力于改善健康和医疗保健。我们正在与其他国家合作,建立一种全国性的健康文化,使每个美国人都能活得更长、更健康。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.ottomotal.com。在Twitter上关注基金会www.ottomotal.com/twitter或者在Facebook上www.ottomotal.com/facebook。