各县健康排名显示住房成本负担与健康状况不佳有关
Its analysis looked at large urban and smaller metro counties—places with residential segregation of Black and White residents—and found that counties that are more segregated have higher rates of severe housing cost burden, both for White and Black households. However, Black residents face greater barriers to opportunity and health than Whites in these counties. Nearly 1 in 4 Black households spends more than half their income on housing compared to 1 in 10 White households. And that burden is further increased for Black households due to differences in incomes. The median household income for White residents in these communities is $56,000 compared to $33,000 for Black residents.
Segregation, and how it has shaped the social and economic conditions of neighborhoods over time, is fundamental in understanding the stark differences in health between Blacks and Whites. Compared to Whites, Blacks living in residentially segregated places are more likely to be cut off from well-resourced schools and good paying jobs. They also face higher rates of child poverty, infant mortality, and poor health. Many of the differences we see in more residentially segregated communities stem from the history of discriminatory policies and practices that limited the opportunities of Black people to choose where to live, such as redlining or denying housing loans to Black families. While most explicit policies and practices have been outlawed, racial discrimination persists in many forms, and this continues to have an impact on community and resident health and well-being.
In addition to the county-level data, the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps also features What Works for Health, a database of more than 400 evidence-informed strategies to support local changemakers as they take steps toward expanding opportunities and improving health. Each strategy is rated for its evidence of effectiveness and likely impact on health disparities. The Take Action Center also provides valuable guidance for communities who want to move with data to action.
“All communities have the potential to be places where everyone enjoys full and equal opportunity. But the data show that’s not happening in most communities yet. Children of color face a greater likelihood of growing up in poverty, and low-income families struggle to pay rent and get enough to eat,” said Sheri Johnson, PhD, Acting Director of County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. “It is time to do the difficult work of coming together to undo policies and practices that create barriers to opportunity. The Rankings can help communities ground these important conversations in data, evidence, guidance, and stories about challenges and success.” Visit countyhealthrankings.org/takeaction to learn more.
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普林斯顿,新泽西州和麦迪逊,威斯康星州。-通过今年的县健康排名,我们看到严重的住房成本负担在全国范围内是多么普遍-面对成千上万的家庭和社区,这对我们的健康有重要的影响。超过十分之一的家庭生活在严重的住房成本负担之下,而且在县与县之间,根据你是谁、你赚多少钱、你住在哪里,你的负担能力存在明显差异。虽然良好的健康取决于工作、教育、交通、医疗保健等等,但所有这些因素都与我们居住的地方——我们的家——有关。在住房成本负担严重的地方,贫困儿童较多,粮食不安全人口较多,健康状况较差的人口较多。
由于住房支出超过了当地收入,许多家庭承受着沉重的住房成本负担,这意味着他们要将收入的一半以上用于住房。虽然在过去十年中,严重的住房成本负担对房主来说实际上有所减少,但这种改善并不适用于租房者,多达四分之一的人受到影响。低收入租房者在健康方面面临巨大障碍,每两个家庭中就有一个家庭将收入的一半以上用于房租。当一个家庭的绝大部分收入都花在住房上时,就没有多少钱用于其他有助于身体健康的必需品,比如健康食品、药品或上下班和上学的交通。高昂的住房成本可能迫使一些家庭住在不安全或过度拥挤的住房中,离开他们有家庭关系、有机会接受良好教育和工作的社区。还有太多的家庭,只要一场意外事件——疾病、失业或金融危机——就会失去他们的家园,以及我们的家园所提供的所有稳定。
RWJF总裁兼首席执行官Richard Besser医学博士说:“我们的家与我们的健康密不可分。“如此多的个人和家庭因为必须在住房上花钱而面临健康障碍,这是不可接受的。这使得他们用来维持家人健康的钱更少了。想象一下突如其来的行动带来的压力和痛苦。当每个人都能获得安全、负担得起的住房时,无论他们的肤色或收入如何,我们都会变得更健康、更强大。”
居住隔离与严重的住房成本负担
的2019年县域卫生排名主要发现报告按地区和种族调查住房负担能力。
它的分析考察了大城市和较小的地铁县——黑人和白人居民居住隔离的地方——发现种族隔离程度越高的县,无论是白人家庭还是黑人家庭,住房成本负担都越重。然而,在这些县,黑人居民在机会和健康方面面临着比白人更大的障碍。近四分之一的黑人家庭将收入的一半以上用于住房,而白人家庭的这一比例为十分之一。由于收入差异,黑人家庭的负担进一步加重。这些社区白人居民的家庭收入中位数为5.6万美元,而黑人居民的家庭收入中位数为3.3万美元。
种族隔离,以及随着时间的推移,它如何影响社区的社会和经济状况,是理解黑人和白人之间健康状况的明显差异的基础。与白人相比,生活在种族隔离地区的黑人更有可能被资源充足的学校和高薪工作拒之门外。他们还面临着更高的儿童贫困率、婴儿死亡率和健康状况不佳。在居住隔离程度更高的社区,我们看到的许多差异源于历史上的歧视性政策和做法,这些政策和做法限制了黑人选择居住地点的机会,比如划红线或拒绝向黑人家庭提供住房贷款。虽然大多数明确的政策和做法已被取缔,但种族歧视仍以多种形式存在,这继续对社区和居民的健康和福祉产生影响。
除了县级数据,县卫生排名和路线图也有特色什么对健康有效这是一个包含400多项循证战略的数据库,旨在支持地方变革者采取措施扩大机会和改善健康。每项战略都根据其有效性证据和对健康差距可能产生的影响进行评级。的行动中心还为希望将数据转化为行动的社区提供了有价值的指导。
“所有社区都有潜力成为每个人都享有充分和平等机会的地方。但数据显示,这在大多数社区还没有发生。“有色人种的孩子更有可能在贫困中长大,低收入家庭难以支付房租和获得足够的食物,”县健康排名和路线图代理主任Sheri Johnson博士说。奥巴马说:“现在是时候做一项艰巨的工作,团结起来,取消那些为机会制造障碍的政策和做法。排名可以帮助社区以数据、证据、指导以及挑战和成功的故事为这些重要的对话奠定基础。”访问countyhealthrankings.org/takeaction了解更多。
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" data-isabstract="false" class="cmp-text">关于威斯康星大学人口健康研究所
的威斯康星大学人口健康研究所通过制定和评估干预措施,并在地方、州和国家各级促进以证据为基础的政策和做法,促进所有人的健康和福祉。该研究所的工作涉及促进健康的各种因素。该研究所是威斯康星-麦迪逊大学内外卫生和保健对话的协调中心,也是利益攸关方的召集人,促进学术界人士与政策和实践领域人士之间的专门知识交流。该研究所领导了县卫生排名和路线图以及RWJF卫生文化奖的工作。欲了解更多信息,请访问http://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu.
关于罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会
45年来,罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会一直致力于改善健康和医疗保健。我们正在与其他国家一道努力建立一种全国健康文化,为美国每个人提供公平和公正的健康和福祉机会。欲了解更多信息,请访问www.ottomotal.com.在Twitter上关注基金会www.ottomotal.com/twitter或者在Facebook上www.ottomotal.com/facebook.
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我们的家是健康的关键
在健康文化中,每个人都有机会住在负担得起、安全、稳定的家中。RWJF总裁兼首席执行官Rich Besser在2019年的年度致辞中强调,住房是社区繁荣的关键因素。