民意调查:美国高通货膨胀率对黑人、拉丁裔和印第安人家庭的影响比白人家庭更严重

Robert J. Blendon, co-director of the survey and Richard L. Menschel Professor of Public Health and Professor of Health Policy and Political Analysis Emeritus at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

While more than 6 in 10 people of all racial and ethnic groups reported a lack of affordable housing to rent or buy, the condition of the neighborhoods where they lived varied. Black, Native American, and Latino families were significantly more likely to report serious problems with air and water quality, access to good jobs, and access to parks and greenspace.

"These poll findings are a reminder that while everyone is impacted by today's inflation and economy, we're not all feeling the same pressures in the same ways," said Alonzo Plough, Vice President for Research and Evaluation and Chief Science Officer at Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "These differences are the result of policies and practices that have created fewer opportunities in some communities and we need solutions that are designed to build a more equitable future."

In this period when medical care has been disrupted, nationally 19 percent of U.S. households with serious illnesses have also struggled to find timely healthcare for those illnesses. Among U.S. households where anyone has been seriously ill in the past year, 35 percent of Native American households, 24 percent of Black households, 18 percent of Latino households, 18 percent of White households, and 10 percent of Asian households say they were unable to get medical care for serious illnesses when they needed it.

In addition, across racial/ethnic groups in America, housing affordability and crime are currently viewed as a serious neighborhood problems by substantial shares of adults today. Majorities of adults across racial/ethnic groups (74% of Latinos, 65% of Asians, 65% of Whites, 61% of Blacks, and 61% of Native Americans) say lack of affordable housing to buy is a serious problem in their own neighborhoods. On crime, 40 percent of Native American adults, 35 percent of Black adults, 35 percent of Latino adults, 28 percent of White adults, and 22 percent of Asian adults say crime is currently a serious problem in their own neighborhoods.

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新泽西州普林斯顿大学美国国家公共电台/罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会/哈佛T.H.陈公共卫生学院的一项民意调查显示，在美国各地的家庭普遍报告遭遇严重通货膨胀问题的时候，有色人种比白人更有可能报告他们目前在这一时期面临严重的财务问题(见表1)。黑人、拉丁裔和美洲原住民成年人也报告说，在几个领域面临比白人更严重的问题。

值得注意的是，58%的黑人和美洲原住民家庭表示，他们没有足够的应急储蓄来支付至少一个月的开支，而拉丁裔成年人和白人成年人的这一比例分别为53%和36%。此外，39%的印第安人、32%的黑人、30%的拉丁裔和14%的亚裔成年人报告在支付食物方面存在严重问题，而白人成年人的这一比例为21%。

“尽管有许多项目旨在帮助家庭支付食品费用，但黑人、拉丁裔和美洲原住民家庭目前表示，他们面临着严重的食品问题。这可能会对数百万家庭的健康产生重大的直接和长期的影响，”哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院哈佛民意研究项目助理主任玛丽·芬德林说。

此外，黑人租客(16%)、美洲原住民租客(21%)和拉丁裔租客(10%)表示，他们在过去一年中被驱逐或受到驱逐威胁的比例高于白人租客(9%，见图1)。只有4%的亚裔租客报告被驱逐或受到驱逐威胁。

这项名为“美国少数族裔在当今困难时期的个人经历”的民意调查于2022年5月16日至6月13日在4192名美国成年人中进行。该报告详细介绍了美国五大种族/族裔群体的调查结果:1216名非西班牙裔白人成年人;1103名黑人，成人;1066名西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人;552名亚洲成年人;180名18岁及以上的印第安成年人。请参阅下面的方法了解更多细节。

“严重的通货膨胀问题对黑人家庭的影响比其他许多美国人都大。在此期间，全国数以百万计由有色人种领导的家庭面临着明显的、严重的财务问题，其中包括许多人面临被驱逐的威胁，他们在自己的社区面临不安全的环境，几乎没有选择得到帮助。罗伯特J.布伦登Richard L. Menschel公共卫生教授、哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院卫生政策与政治分析荣誉教授。

尽管在所有种族和族裔群体中，超过六成的人表示缺乏可租或可买的经济适用房，但他们居住的社区的情况各不相同。黑人、美洲原住民和拉丁裔家庭更有可能报告在空气和水质、获得好工作、进入公园和绿地方面存在严重问题。

“这些调查结果提醒我们，虽然每个人都受到当前通胀和经济的影响，但我们并不是都以同样的方式感受到同样的压力，”他说Alonzo犁罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会研究与评估副总裁兼首席科学官。“这些差异是在一些社区创造更少机会的政策和做法的结果，我们需要旨在建立更公平未来的解决方案。”

在医疗保健中断的这一时期，全国19%患有严重疾病的美国家庭也在努力寻找及时的医疗保健服务。在过去一年中有人患重病的美国家庭中，35%的印第安人家庭、24%的黑人家庭、18%的拉丁裔家庭、18%的白人家庭和10%的亚裔家庭表示，他们在需要重病时无法获得医疗服务。

此外，在美国各种族/族裔群体中，住房负担能力和犯罪目前被相当一部分成年人视为严重的社区问题。大多数不同种族/民族的成年人(74%的拉丁裔，65%的亚洲人，65%的白人，61%的黑人和61%的印第安人)表示，在他们自己的社区，缺乏负担得起的住房是一个严重的问题。在犯罪问题上，40%的美国原住民成年人、35%的黑人成年人、35%的拉丁裔成年人、28%的白人成年人和22%的亚裔成年人表示，犯罪目前是他们所在社区的一个严重问题。

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health brings together dedicated experts from many disciplines to educate new generations of global health leaders and produce powerful ideas that improve the lives and health of people everywhere. As a community of leading scientists, educators, and students, we work together to take innovative ideas from the laboratory to people’s lives—not only making scientific breakthroughs, but also working to change individual behaviors, public policies, and health care practices. Each year, more than 400 faculty members at Harvard Chan teach 1,000-plus full-time students from around the world and train thousands more through online and executive education courses. Founded in 1913 as the Harvard-MIT School of Health Officers, the School is recognized as America’s oldest professional training program in public health.

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哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院汇集了来自许多学科的专业专家，以教育新一代的全球卫生领导者，并提出强有力的想法，改善世界各地人民的生活和健康。作为一个由顶尖科学家、教育工作者和学生组成的社区，我们共同努力，将创新理念从实验室带到人们的生活中——不仅取得科学突破，而且努力改变个人行为、公共政策和医疗保健实践。每年，哈佛大学400多名教职员工教授来自世界各地的1000多名全日制学生，并通过在线和高管教育课程培训数千名学生。该学院成立于1913年，前身是哈佛-麻省理工学院卫生官员学院，被公认为美国最古老的公共卫生专业培训项目。

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